When designing a bolted joint, the washer is often overlooked — yet it plays a critical role in load distribution, clamping force retention and corrosion protection.
Flat washers are ideal for distributing load over a larger area. Spring washers add tension to resist loosening under vibration. Lock washers with teeth or serrations provide mechanical resistance to rotation.
Always match the washer material and finish to your operating environment. For marine or chemical exposure, stainless steel 316 is preferred. For indoor dry environments, zinc-plated carbon steel offers a cost-effective solution.